Dataset specification · Pilot cohort
100 speakers of Malayalam Scripted Speech
A pilot cohort build of 100 speakers of Malayalam scripted speech. Establishing whether a cohort definition is recruitable at all before it is scaled. Speakers read prompts from a phonetically balanced script shown one line at a time, with retakes on any flubbed or misread line.

- Volume
- 100 speakers
- Scale
- Pilot cohort
- Per speaker
- 20–30 minutes of accepted audio per speaker
- Accepted yield
- 85–90% of recorded time is accepted
How Malayalam scripted speech is captured
Speakers read prompts from a phonetically balanced script shown one line at a time, with retakes on any flubbed or misread line.
A 45-minute booth session yields roughly 300–400 prompts. One file per utterance, cut at the prompt boundary, so alignment is exact before any forced-alignment pass runs.
Yield at this style: 85–90% of recorded time is accepted. Prompt-level retakes catch problems inside the session, so very little is discarded afterwards. This is the highest-yield style we run.
The specification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Language | Malayalam (ml-IN, Malayalam) |
| Volume | 100 speakers |
| Equivalent | 50 hours at 30 minutes per speaker |
| Speech type | Scripted Speech |
| Per speaker | 20–30 minutes of accepted audio per speaker |
| File granularity | One WAV per prompt, named by prompt ID and speaker ID |
| Prompt coverage | Triphone-balanced script with digit, date, name and domain-lexicon blocks |
| Leading/trailing silence | 200 ms padded, verified automatically on every file |
| Alignment | Prompt text is ground truth; deviations are flagged rather than silently corrected |
| Dialects | Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi (central), Malabar / Kozhikode, Thrissur |
| Transcription | Verbatim, native-speaker, second-pass reviewed |

Designing the script for Malayalam
- Script built for triphone coverage rather than word coverage, so rare phone contexts appear often enough to train on
- Digit strings, dates, currency and person names blocked separately, because these are where deployed ASR actually fails
- Domain lexicon injected from your product vocabulary when you supply one
- Sentence-length distribution spread deliberately, since all-short prompts produce a model that cannot handle long utterances
- Built against Malayalam specifically: One of the most consonant-dense Indian languages; long geminates and clusters raise word error rates sharply
- Code-mixing handled explicitly rather than edited out — Manglish is standard in urban and professional speech, with heavy English noun and verb insertion.
Running a pilot cohort Malayalam build
Three to four weeks, almost entirely determined by how narrow the screening criteria are.
A single delivery with the full demographic report, since the cohort report is the point of a build this size.
Budget higher transcription effort per audio hour for Malayalam than for Hindi; speech rate and morphology make it slower to annotate.
| Parameter | At this volume |
|---|---|
| Cities | One — Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram |
| Studios | A single treated room |
| Recruiters | One coordinator |
| Audio yield | ~50 hours at 30 minutes per speaker |
| Sessions per day | 6–8 |
| Team | 1 coordinator, 2 engineers, 3 transcribers |
Cohort design
At 100 speakers the cohort is deliberately simplified: two or three dialect groups rather than the full spread, with quotas enforced in aggregate. A build this size cannot support per-cell targets and should not claim to.
Requires literate speakers comfortable reading aloud in the target script, which is the main constraint on cohort breadth and has to be actively counterweighted.
| Dimension | Typical split | Why it matters for Malayalam |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 50 / 50 | Pitch range differences change acoustic model behaviour; unbalanced cohorts bias recognition |
| Age | 18-25: 30%, 26-40: 40%, 41-60: 30% | Older speakers retain conservative Malayalam forms that younger urban speakers have lost |
| Region | Kerala / Lakshadweep / Puducherry (Mahe) and others | Dialect spread across 5 recognised varieties |
| Education | Mixed, including below-graduate | Prompt-reading fluency correlates with education and skews prosody |
| Condition | Studio / quiet room / field | Match the noise profile of your deployment |
Malayalam-specific considerations
- One of the most consonant-dense Indian languages; long geminates and clusters raise word error rates sharply
- Manglish is standard in urban and professional speech, with heavy English noun and verb insertion.
- Central Kerala news-reading dominates public data. Malabar and southern varieties, and fast conversational speech generally, are missing.
Quality gates for scripted speech
- Prompt-to-audio match verified by a native reviewer; a misread line is a rejected file, not an edited transcript
- Hyperarticulation flagged — a speaker over-enunciating because they are reading produces audio that does not match deployment
- Clipping and truncation checked at both utterance boundaries
- Per-speaker prompt coverage confirmed, so no speaker silently skips a block
- Old vs new script (chillu characters, Unicode normalisation) mixed within a dataset
- Fast speech leads to dropped-word transcription errors without a second-pass QA
100% content QA, plus per-speaker demographic verification against the screening record.
What goes wrong on scripted speech sessions
- Reading voice: flat prosody and unnatural stress that trains a model on speech nobody actually produces
- Prompt fatigue in the back half of long sessions, where accuracy drops and pace flattens
- Speakers who are not fluent readers, which quietly biases the cohort toward higher education bands
- Script leakage across speakers, producing a corpus that memorises sentences instead of covering sounds
Risks at pilot cohort in Malayalam
Cost at this band is driven by: Screening narrowness dominates; the recording itself is a minor cost at this size.
- Narrow criteria can make a cohort unrecruitable at any price, which is exactly what this band exists to find out
- 100 speakers cannot support per-dialect evaluation — treat the results as directional
- Malayalam carries 5 recognised varieties across Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry (Mahe), so the quota matrix is wider than the headline volume suggests
- Central Kerala news-reading dominates public data. Malabar and southern varieties, and fast conversational speech generally, are missing.
Deliverables
- WAV audio to your naming convention, with the per-file manifest
- Verbatim Malayalam transcripts with utterance-level timestamps
- Prompt ID mapped to every utterance
- Verbatim deviation flags where the speaker departed from the script
- Per-utterance SNR and duration in the manifest
- Per-speaker metadata: age band, gender, region, dialect, education band
- Consent records mapped to speaker IDs
- QA report with pass rates, rejection reasons and agreement statistics
- Speaker-disjoint train / dev / test splits on request
What this trains, and what it does not
- ASR acoustic model baselines
- TTS voice building where a single speaker is recorded at depth
- Pronunciation lexicon and G2P validation
- Forced-alignment and phone-boundary work
Scripted audio contains no disfluencies, no false starts and no natural turn-taking. A model trained on it alone degrades sharply on real spontaneous input, so it is a baseline layer rather than a complete training set.
Frequently asked
Is 100 speakers of Malayalam enough?
Enough to prove a cohort definition works and to build a small speaker-verification or accent test set. Not enough for per-dialect statistics.
Why scripted speech rather than another speech type?
ASR acoustic model baselines, TTS voice building where a single speaker is recorded at depth, Pronunciation lexicon and G2P validation are what this style is the right input for. Scripted audio contains no disfluencies, no false starts and no natural turn-taking. A model trained on it alone degrades sharply on real spontaneous input, so it is a baseline layer rather than a complete training set.
How long does a pilot cohort Malayalam build take?
Three to four weeks, almost entirely determined by how narrow the screening criteria are. A single delivery with the full demographic report, since the cohort report is the point of a build this size.
What does 100 speakers of Malayalam scripted speech cost?
Quoted per delivered hour against this specification. At this band the drivers are screening narrowness dominates; the recording itself is a minor cost at this size. Send the spec and you get one fixed figure.
How much QA is applied at this volume?
100% content QA, plus per-speaker demographic verification against the screening record.
Quote this Malayalam dataset
100 speakers, scripted speech, Malayalam — pilot cohort. Adjust anything and send it.