Audio annotation · ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Punjabi Audio Annotation
Labelling of existing audio: speaker diarisation, emotion, intent, events, language identification and segment-level quality tagging, against your label schema. This page covers how that works specifically for Punjabi, where punjabi is tonal: high, low and level tones distinguish words, and tone is not marked in gurmukhi orthography.
- Language
- Punjabi (pa-IN)
- Dialects covered
- 5
- Typical programme
- 100-500 hours
- Cities
- Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar
What changes when the language is Punjabi
The service specification stays constant across languages; the linguistics do not. For Punjabi, three things drive the design of a audio annotation programme.
- Punjabi is tonal: high, low and level tones distinguish words, and tone is not marked in Gurmukhi orthography
- Dialect spread: Majhi (standard), Malwai, Doabi, Puadhi
- Punjabi speech mixes Hindi and English freely, with strong diaspora influence in urban registers.
Technical specification
| Parameter | Standard |
|---|---|
| Label types | Diarisation, emotion, intent, events, language ID, quality |
| Granularity | Segment, utterance, or frame-level boundaries |
| Schema | Yours, or authored with you before work starts |
| Agreement | Multi-annotator overlap on a defined percentage |
| Tooling | Client tooling supported; otherwise our annotation workflow |
Punjabi cohort design
Cover all three historic regions (Majha, Malwa, Doaba); tone realisation differs measurably between them.
| Dimension | Typical split | Why it matters for Punjabi |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 50 / 50 | Pitch range differences change acoustic model behaviour; unbalanced cohorts bias recognition |
| Age | 18-25: 30%, 26-40: 40%, 41-60: 30% | Older speakers retain conservative Punjabi forms that younger urban speakers have lost |
| Region | Punjab / Haryana / Delhi and others | Dialect spread across 5 recognised varieties |
| Education | Mixed, including below-graduate | Prompt-reading fluency correlates with education and skews prosody |
| Condition | Studio / quiet room / field | Match the noise profile of your deployment |
Process
- Schema definition and edge-case documentation
- Annotator training and gold-set calibration
- Production annotation with gold items seeded in
- Adjudication of disagreements by a senior reviewer
- Delivery with per-label agreement statistics
Punjabi-specific quality rules
- Tone is unrepresented in text, so pronunciation lexicons must be built from audio, not from spelling
- Shahmukhi vs Gurmukhi script decisions must be fixed per project
- Adhak (gemination) applied inconsistently
Gold items are seeded throughout production so drift is caught during the run, not at delivery.
Deliverables
- Labelled data in your schema
- Gold set and calibration results
- Per-label agreement statistics
- Edge-case log
Worked example
A representative Punjabi audio annotation engagement: 100 hours from 300 speakers, 50/50 gender, ages 18-45, spread across Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, recorded to the specification above and delivered in WAV with a per-utterance manifest.
Timeline: Scoped per label complexity; simple diarisation runs at roughly 3-5x real time.
Where this data is missing today
Tonal variation is essentially unmodelled in public Punjabi data, and Malwai/Doabi rural speech is scarce.
Frequently asked
How much does Punjabi audio annotation cost?
Priced per delivered hour or unit against a written spec. The cost drivers for Punjabi are dialect spread, demographic narrowness and recording condition, in that order.
Which Punjabi dialects are included?
By default Majhi (standard), Malwai, Doabi, Puadhi and others, tagged per speaker. You can also commission a single-dialect corpus if you are targeting one region.
Can you deliver Punjabi data in our format?
Yes. Labelled data in your schema is the default, but naming, schema and directory structure follow your pipeline.
How long does a Punjabi programme take?
Scoped per label complexity; simple diarisation runs at roughly 3-5x real time.
Request a Punjabi audio annotation quote
Hours, speakers, dialects, deadline. Send what you have.